Bid-rent theory suggests that the dependent variable of a population density function is unobserved (or population equals zero) if land values are relatively low in residential use. If the errors of density and bid-rent function errors are correlated, bid-rent theory implies that OLS population...

In 1957 Chicago enacted a Comprehensive Amendment to the Chicago Zoning Ordiance of 1923. In contrast to the hierarchical zoning of the 1923 ordinance, the 1957 ordinance made each zoning category exclusive and mandated the removal of non-conforming uses. This study examines land parcels at the...