We investigate the impact of order crossover on a periodic, order-up-to (R,S) inventory system where attaining a target service level is the focus. Order crossover, when orders arrive in a sequence different from that in which they were originally placed, is increasingly likely to occur in...

An almost universal assumption in the bullwhip effect modeling literature is that excess goods may be returned without restriction. We seek to determine if returns impact the level of bullwhip effect observed in a multi-stage supply chain. We build a hybrid agent/discrete-event simulation model...