<title>Abstract</title> It is European Commission policy to charge modes of transport according to the marginal social cost of their use of the infrastructure, including environmental costs. However, progress in implementing this process has been slow, partly because of the difficulty of measuring and valuing...

The European Commission has adopted a strategy to combat acidification; this program will reduce significantly the extent of the areas in the European Union where the tolerance of sensitive ecosystems to acidity is exceeded. Benefits due to reduced adverse effects on human health, crop...