Previous research has shown that artificial immune systems can be used to produce robust schedules in a manufacturing environment. The main goal is to develop building blocks (antibodies) of partial schedules that can be used to construct backup solutions (antigens) when disturbances occur...

This paper is derived from an interest in the development of automated approaches to tackle examination timetabling problems effectively. We propose a hybrid approach that incorporates effective heuristic operators within the great deluge algorithm. The latter was chosen because of consistently...

Purpose Metaheuristic algorithms are classified into two categories namely: single-solution and population-based algorithms. Single-solution algorithms perform local search process by employing a single candidate solution trying to improve this solution in its neighborhood. In contrast,...