A generalized (nonminimum or shadow) cost function is used to evaluate the response of Chinese state-owned construction enterprises to economic reforms from 1985 to 1991. Generalized cost function estimates are used to calculate the variances of the shadow factor price ratios that characterize...

"Of all economic recessions experienced by the United States in the postwar period, the Great Recession that began in 2008 was the deepest, longest, and most destructive. Nevada was among the hardest hit states, its people reeling from the aftereffects, and the state government also experiencing...