Although the tangible substance of corruption is in principle observable, the difficulties of collecting evidence of illegal acts has resulted in perceptions of corruption being widely used as a proxy indicator. This paper marshals evidence from a nationwide survey of Russians to show that doing...

Democracy is a precondition for membership of the European Union (EU). What are the chances for democracy in the post-communist states of central and eastern Europe? The first section states arguments of doubters; the second and third present fresh empirical evidence from nation-wide surveys of...