It is widely recognised that optimal tax/transfer schemes will generally involve elements of both 'tagging' (the use of categorical benefits) and 'means-testing' (Income-relation of benefits). This paper explores the optimal design of such mixed schemes. Simulations suggest a striking...

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The academic literature on equality of opportunity has burgeoned. The concepts and measures have begun to be used by policy institutions, including in specific sectors such as health and education. It is argued that one advantage of focusing on equality of opportunity is that policy makers are...

August 1995 - In urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire, human capital is the endowment that best explains welfare changes over time. In rural areas, physical capital - especially the amount of land and farm equipment owned - matters most. Empirical investigations of poverty in developing countries tend...