Mit dem Beginn der dritten Stufe der Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion haben sich die Bedingungen für die Wirtschaftspolitik in den Teilnehmerstaaten grundlegend verändert. Die EWU schafft ein neues Umfeld für die Wirtschaftspolitik, indem sie Interdependenzen der nationalen...

Fiscal rules specify quantitative targets for key budgetary aggregates. In this paper, we review the experience with such rules in Japan and in the EU. Comparing the performance of fiscal policy in the 1980s and 1990s until 2003, we find that the fiscal rule of the 1980s exerted some but not...

Fiscal rules, such as the Excessive Deficit Procedure and the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), aim at constraining government behavior. Milesi-Ferretti (2003) develops a model in which governments circumvent such rules by reverting to creative accounting. The amount of this depends on the...

Recent literature has proposed two alternative types of financial frictions, i.e., limited commitment and incomplete markets, to explain the empirical patterns of international capital flows between developed and developing countries in the past two decades. This paper integrates these two...