This paper studies international joint ventures, where foreign direct investment is performed by a foreign and a domestic firm that together set up a new firm, the joint venture. Employing administrative data on all international joint ventures in China from 1998 to 2007—roughly a quarter of...

A model of heterogeneous firms with multiple products and two production factors (labor and capital) is used to study how trade liberalization affects firms’choices through both product and factor markets. Trade liberalization is shown to always redistribute capital toward more efficient firms...