Municipalities are complex organizational systems composed of policies, activities and resources. Using an in-depth case study analysis, the elements that make up the organizational systems of three municipalities in southern California are explored. This analysis shows how variation in fiscal...

Although scholars agree that complex relationships between organizations' actual human resources (i.e., human capital stock) and means of leveraging these resources may influence performance, little empirical work has tested such propositions directly. We collected two primary data sets from...