Traditionally, it has been thought that a product life cycle is as irreversible as a biological life cycle. That is, a product inevitably moves from birth to adolescence, maturity, and death. Now there is mounting evidence that a turnabout in management thinking is under way. The new thinking is...

The meaning of sustainability is the subject of intense debate among environmental and resourceeconomists. Perhaps no other issue separates more the traditional economic view of the naturalworld from the views of most natural scientists. The debate currently focuses on the...

The nature of energy and material resources in an endogenous growththeory framework isclarified. This involves three modifications of the conventionaltheory. Firstly, multiple feedbackmechanisms or “growth engines” are identified. Secondly, a productionfunction distinguishesbetween resource...

1. From pre-history to the Crusades -- 2. From the Crusades to the Renaissance -- 3. The Protestant work ethic and the rise of capitalism as Gods work -- 4. The Enlightenment: From Leonardo to Galileo -- 5. The rise of the East India Trading Companies -- 6. The “glorious revolution” and the...