The essence of fractal analysis is seeking for a pattern that is independent of scale. This paper examines the existence of long-term memory in nine Asian stock markets together with US and UK indices using the modified rescaled-ranged (R/S) statistic. The modified R/S statistic is robust not...

This paper improves upon the existing literature surrounding the production order quantity inventory model in which unit cost and daily production are assumed to be constant. By including economies of scale into the model, we examine its impact on production order quantity and total cost. The...

The combinatorial nature of integer programming is inevitable even after takingspecific model structure into consideration. This is the root problem in implementing large-scale nonlinear integer programming models regardless of which algorithm one chooses to use. Consequently, we suggest that...