The problem of designing a rebalancing algorithm for a large-scale ridehailing system with asymmetric (unbalanced) demand is considered here. We pose the rebalancing problem within a semi Markov decision problem (SMDP) framework with closed queues of vehicles serving stationary, but asymmetric...

This paper introduces a conceptual framework and a computational model for individual tariffs for mobile communication services. The purpose is to provide guidance for implementation by communication service suppliers or user groups alike. The paper first examines the sociological and economic...