In this paper, the primary energy ratio and economic benefit of five different heating systems are analysed. The results show that the gas-engine heat pump system has the advantages of high primary energy efficiency and favours environmental protection in contrast to the other four heating...

In this paper, the primary energy ratio and economic benefit of five different heating systems are analysed. The results show that the gas-engine heat pump system has the advantages of high primary energy efficiency and favours environmental protection in contrast to the other four heating...

Climate finance is growing popular in addressing challenges of climate change because it controls the funding and resources to emission entities and promotes green manufacturing. In this study, we determined that PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 are the target pollutant in the atmosphere and we...

This paper develops a general framework for conducting inference on the rank of an unknown matrix Π0. A defining feature of our setup is the null hypothesis of the form . The problem is of first‐order importance because the previous literature focuses on by implicitly assuming away , which...