The French evaluation scene highlights a particular configuration — the guarantor model. Historically, evaluation has played a major role in the recruitment and careers of researchers, and, since the 1960s, advisory committees have been responsible for evaluating the French R&D situation and...

[eng] This article is a piece of work on the process by which scientific discoveries may be translated into commercially viable innovations. The author examines the case of the phenomenon of firms which have been founded in recent years by researchers in order to exploit their discoveries. The...

Using the example of microarrays, one of the constitutive technologies of post-genomic biomedicine, this paper introduces a method for analyzing publications, patents and research grants as proxies for “triple-helix interfaces” between university, industry and government activities. Our...