The article explains structural diversification through the interrelationship between learning by doing and the introduction of new technology. Structural diversification is constrained when learning-by-doing benefits do not spill over across national borders and when the fixed-cost expenditure...

World-wide cross-country regressions are used to examine South Asia's export structure through the lens of Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory. By comparison with other regions, South Asia's exports are unusually concentrated on labour-intensive manufactures. This distinctive export structure is shown...

Income growth in Africa that is high enough to achieve the internationally agreed development goals implies a rise in the region's per capita income by the early 2020s to about Latin America's current level. The paper shows that such income growth would be associated roughly with a nine-fold...

Cross-country econometric analysis informed by Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory suggests that the concentration of Africa's exports on unprocessed primary products is caused largely by the region's combination of low levels of education and abundant natural resources. In some African countries, the...