Control tunneling over firms can be reached through pyramids, cross-ownership, and other complex features. This phenomenon is frequent in Europe and in Asia. However, the theoretical literature has not yet converged toward a well-defined and robust measurement of integrated control that takes...

The lack of appropriate financial training in back offices of dealing rooms is a major risk factor in the emergence of rogue trading, alongside the lack of appropriate risk culture and incentive structures on trading floors. These are major challenges in the control of trading activities. This...