Purpose: In the current knowledge-based economy era, national innovation ability is crucial. Abundant information can be obtained through patent analysis, and such information can help in the formulation of policies and the making of R&D decisions; numerous researchers thus continue to make...

American options provide early exercise opportunities to pose the additional difficulty to obtain the closed-form solution. In this study, a recursive formula is developed for determining the optimal exercise price of American call options with dividend based on the backward dynamic programming...

Purpose The development of oil shale has become a popular technique in the energy industry in recent years. Although more research attention has been paid to this topic, there are scanty studies on patent portfolios. This study aims to explore this current mainstream technique and the patent...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how the nursing division supervisors at hospitals perceive intellectual capital (IC) and identify the relative importance of IC factors. Design/methodology/approach – Using literature review combined with experts’ viewpoints, IC is divided...