Followers sometimes perform better when their leader expresses anger and sometimes when the leader expresses happiness. We propose that this inconsistency can be solved by considering potential conflict between leader emotions and follower social-relational goals, operationalized in terms of...

Although the effects of regulatory focus on individual-level performance have often been studied, relatively little is yet known about team-level effects. Filling this void, we integrate the notion that promotion-focused individuals are concerned with progress and achievement, whereas...