We compare investment in innovation (e.g., R&D) between new venture start-ups before commercialization and operating businesses after commercialization. Operating businesses use R&D to improve actual earnings while start-ups use R&D to improve prospective earnings. When a start-up entrepreneur...

"We investigate the timing of business expansion. With an indefinite sequence of growth opportunities that have constant returns to scale, current investment neither displaces nor impairs future returns. In a dynamic setting with expansion restricted to a fraction of firm size, the endogenously...

Personal preferences and financial incentives make homeownership desirable for most families. Once a family purchases a home they find it impractical (costly) to frequently change their ownership of residential real estate. Thus, by deciding how much home to buy, a family constrains their...

A key requirement for the start of many entrepreneurial business is private equity or venture capital financing. In the traditional approach to entrepreneurial investment analysis, an entrepreneur starts a new venture and a venture capitalist finances the new venture when business return exceeds...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare investment in innovation (e.g. R&D) between new venture start‐ups before commercialization and operating businesses after commercialization. Design/methodology/approach – Real options methods were used to model a new venture start‐up as a...