The widespread assumption that mergers are the best way for cooperatives to break free from their ?natural? territorial anchoring. (perceived to be a strong impediment to their global insertion) is questionable. Observation of the recent merging processes of wine-cooperatives shows a more subtle...

[eng] The paper aims to identify the role of the proximity constraint on interfirm R & D cooperations within the pharmaceutical sector. First, it emphasizes on the cognitive and spatial dimensions underlying the innovation process viabilisation. The interaction of these two dimensions drives to...

-->that the projects studied are in fact guided by a complex and variable structure of goals, in which environmental objectives are not always a priority. Our analysis shows that actors combine environmental and techno-economic objectives in some specific compromises.

<italic>Starting from the way evolutionism apprehends environmental innovations, the present paper tries to characterize their environmental trajectory by focusing on the innovative behavior of Bordeaux area vine growers. On the basis of the results of a questionnaire interviewing these actors, the...</italic>