Duflo, Esther; Hanna, Rema; Ryan, Stephen P. - In: American Economic Review 102 (2012) 4, pp. 1241-78
We use a randomized experiment and a structural model to test whether monitoring and financial incentives can reduce teacher absence and increase learning in India. In treatment schools, teachers' attendance was monitored daily using cameras, and their salaries were made a nonlinear function of...