Summary Rural livelihood studies over the past two decades have stressed directional movement away from smallholder agriculture and the diffuse, ad hoc, uncertain, and low-earning character of most rural non-agricultural income diversification. Based on a recent survey of small-scale mining in...

type="main" <title type="main">ABSTRACT</title> <p>Migrants to Tanzania's artisanal gold mining sites seek mineral wealth, which is accompanied by high risks of occupational hazards, economic failure, AIDS and social censure from their home communities. Male miners in these settlements compete to attract newly arrived young...</p>

Over the last fifteen years many African countries have experienced a "mining take-off". Mining activities have bifurcated into two sectors: large-scale, capital-intensive production generating the bulk of the exported minerals, and small-scale, labour-intensive artisanal mining, which, at...