The avoidance of TV advertising categories often include either mechanical (e.g., switching channels) or behavioral (e.g., talking to someone). Previous research seeking to explain avoidance with demographic and attitudinal factors shows conflicting results. Our aims are: to identify from these...

Financial data drawn from Marks and Spencer's archives and annual reports is used to identify five phases in the Company' sales growth. Early, rather erratic, growth, often through acquisition, gave way to a second phase of store development funded by the Company's floatation in the 1920s. Sales...

The objectives of branding and marketing in the public sector can differ in nature from those in the private sector, to include an improved responsiveness to public needs, rather than an increase in customer numbers. In addition, the customer orientation (a disposition that will influence brand...

Even in a relatively routine international transaction fifteen or more separate parties can be involved. Information has to be supplied at the right time for up to fifty commercial and official procedures. This information is normally exchanged using paper documentation.

A retailer's selling space is one of its more important assets. While there are a number of approaches that can be adopted to define the space that is allocated to both products and customers inside the store, it is argued that few approach the problem of space allocation from the point of view...

Traditionally, research into supply chain management has focused on increasing the availability of products and reducing the cost of doing so by concentrating on coordination between supply chain members. Significant improvements have been made in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of...

This paper examines the likely influences on the sourcing of textiles by UK retail buyers. It reports the results of secondary data analyses on the retail market and primary data from personal interviews with 102 textile buyers. The main influence on the British market from changes in...

As more men adopt the role of grocery shopper, the potential grows for positioning a supermarket chain against the male shopper. Anecdotal evidence and previous research suggested differences between male and female shoppers over the time taken to shop. A study is presented where male and female...

Retailers, it is said, are behaving as brands. Tests whether retailers can be considered to be brands by comparing the current practices of British retailers against four criteria for a brand which are developed from the existing literature on branding. The four criteria are that the brand...