We study antitrust enforcement in which the fine must obey four legal principles: punishments should fit the crime, proportionality, bankruptcy considerations, and minimum fines. We integrate these legal principles into an infinitely-repeated oligopoly model. Bankruptcy considerations ensure...

We study antitrust enforcement in which the fine must obey four legal principles: punishments should fit the crime, proportionality, bankruptcy considerations, and minimum fines. We integrate these legal principles into an infinitely-repeated oligopoly model. Bankruptcy considerations ensure...

Momentum profits can be explained by exposure to risks omitted from common factor models (distress risk, idiosyncratic risk, and covariance with corporate bonds) and underreaction to innovations in these risks. Momentum strategies tend to go long risky stocks with high expected returns....

Market return predictability may be driven by time varying discount rates or changing beliefs of cash flow. We use analyst earnings forecast to separate cash flow and discount rate components of returns and distinguish the source of return predictability by a set of predictive variables commonly...

We study antitrust enforcement that channels price-fixing incentives through setting fines and allocating resources to detection activities. Antitrust fines obey four legal principles: punishments should fit the crime, proportionality, bankruptcy considerations, and minimum fines. Bankruptcy...

We construct a lottery factor that aggregates the information of 16 commonly used lottery features. The lottery factor significantly improves the explanatory power of the four-factor q model in Hou, Xue, and Zhang (2015) and explains all but a few major anomaly returns. In assessing the...