With asset liability management (ALM), all the relevant asset and liability classes are managed in an integrated fashion. We describe an ALM model for housing associations. This model uses simulation to show the development of a housing association, usually measured as solvency and...

Purpose – This paper aims to show that the accuracy of real estate portfolio valuations and of real estate risk management can be improved through the simultaneous use of Monte Carlo simulations and options theory. Design/methodology/approach – The authors' method considers the options...

Purpose – This paper is intended to test the robustness of the fitness of nested GARCH models. Design/methodology/approach – Both Monte‐Carlo simulation data and real‐world data are used in the paper. Likelihood‐family tests are used to test in‐sample fitness, while mean‐squared...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a feasible model for the daily average temperatures of Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, in order to price temperature‐based weather derivatives; also to derive analytical approximation formulas for the sensitivities of these contracts....

Purpose – Value-at-risk (VaR) is a risk measure of potential loss on a specific portfolio. The main uses of VaR are in risk management and financial reporting. Researchers are continuously looking for new and efficient ways to evaluate VaR, and the 2008 financial crisis has given further...

The leading strategy for analyzing unstructured data uses two steps. First, latent variables of economic interest are estimated with an upstream information retrieval model. Second, the estimates are treated as “data” in a downstream econometric model. We establish theoretical arguments for...