This paper examines the trade volume of recyclable wastes. In particular, we analyze the trade from developed countries to developing countries. The reason is that, when a recycling process is separated from the production process of final goods or/and the consumption process, it would be...

This paper examines the trade volume of recyclable wastes. In particular, we analyze the trade from developed countries to developing countries. The reason is that, when a recycling process is separated from the production process of final goods or/and the consumption process, it would be...

Generally, trade flows of commodities are determined on the basis of the principle of comparative advantage in a free trade system. The objectives of this study are to evaluate factors affecting the export flows and to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of trade enhancing and...

This study investigated environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and its financial impacts across 38 economies from 2013 to 2022, with a special focus on firms in Asia. The main findings are as follows. First, notable disparities in ESG assessments were found across major rating...

According to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, economic growth and the reduction of environmental degradation are compatible goals. An inverted U-shaped relationship between economic performance and environmental pollution suggests that, empirically, an economy is associated with...

The impact of environmental policy on international trade has received a great deal of attention over the decades. Theory predicts that the relative level of a country's environmental policy, technology, and factor endowments will jointly determine international trade and specialisation. This...

Generally, trade flows of commodities are determined on the basis of the principle of comparative advantage in a free trade system. The objectives of this study are to evaluate factors affecting the export flows and to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of trade enhancing and...

Total factor productivity plays an important role in the growth of the economy. Using recently available state level data over 1993 and 2005, we find widespread regional variation in productivity changes. In the beginning of the liberalization era, improvement in technical efficiency contributes...