In this paper the relevance of public and symmetric information on the enforceability of contracts will be analyze. In particular, it will examine an historical contract, the sea loan, which was used to finance long-distance maritime commerce from the times of ancient Greece to those of Medieval...

The 2008-09 global economic crises have shown that no country is immune to external challenges. When policy controls are missing or not used efficiently, crises can reverse progress even in advanced economies. This unexpected outcome has increased concerns about the ability of governments in...

This report analyses the role that external shock financing can play in addressing the adverse impacts of external shocks in L&MICs. It summarises the growth impact of external shocks, maps out existing external shock financing facilities and instruments in the global financing architecture, and...

Funding adaptation requires adequate governance and there are different ways to organise and channel the funds to where it is most efficient and most necessary. This paper investigates this issue and studies the practical implementation of a development under conditionality, namely...

Per daugelį Europos integracijos ir plėtros metų Europos Sąjunga išsivystė į heterogonišką valstybių grupę, kurioms būdingi dideli regioniniai skirtumai. Išryškėję regionų ekonominio išsivystymo skirtumai tiek pačiose valstybėse narėse, tiek tarp valstybių narių,...

Stimulating economic growth is one of the key issues of economic sciences. The European Union has developed several policies and has allocated a considerable budget to reduce economic disparities among its members. The states that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 undertake extensive efforts to...