This paper presents a study of backward and forward patent citations in patents granted to firms and institutions in the Netherlands by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The study establishes different patterns of patent citation in recent Dutch patents belonging to...

Organic farming and fair trade certified chains have emerged in West-Africa since the 1990s inanswer to new alternative markets in developed countries. These chains, involving actors fromNorth and South, are seen as an opportunity to sustainably valorise the small peasants agriculturein Africa...