Variation in school attributes, proximity, and fees across neighborhoods is used to identify factors which affect whether poor households send their children to government school, private school, or no school. Analysis shows that even the poorest households use private schools extensively, and...

Search theory suggests that if a woman anticipates discriminatory treatment in the labor market, she will lower her reservation wage which would, in turn, lead to lower pay. This prediction is tested using a data set of graduating college seniors. Results show that women had lower starting-pay...

Women are underrepresented in elite positions in government, industry, and academia relative to their representation in the labor force. This paper uses characteristic education, occupation, and job experience credentials of current elites in U.S. institutions to approximate the proportion of...

This article illustrates the commonly overlooked sample selection problem inherent in using rural classification methods that change over time due to population changes. Since fast growing rural areas grow out of their rural status, using recent rural definitions excludes the most successful...

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We develop an empirically tractable model of acreage allocation decisions in which farmers consider impacts of current crop production on future soil productivity. Because of the soil productivity effects, future crop prices are shown to affect current acreage allocations. Government programs...

This paper provides a unique opportunity to observe how a public policy affected the earnings of various interest groups at different stages of implementation. Specifically, we examine how the earnings of women, union members, and supervisory and professional staff were affected by various...

The fraction self-employed rises in recessions because wage work is more sensitivethan self-employment to the business cycle, not because of necessityentrepreneurship. Graduating during a recession reduces the probability of starting a business forthe next 11 years.