Purpose The Polish economy has undergone major challenges and changes over the past few decades. The country's trade flows, in particular, have become more firmly tied to the country's Western neighbors as they have grown in volume. This study examines Poland's trade balances in ten Standard...

In this report, we analyse the international competitiveness of the EU in four industry groups over the period 1995-2018. The groups are delineated by specific factor intensities, where these intensities are assessed from digital tasks performed by labour services and ICT capital stocks. The...

Purpose – Despite a growing interest in research, no existing study explores the nature of, and the relationship between, the real exchange rate and trade imbalance between Taiwan and China. These economies were admitted to the World Trade Organization in late 2001 (China) and in January 2002...

Purpose – To avoid aggregation bias by using trade data at bilateral level so that we can determine how sensitive are Britain's inpayments and outpayments to the value of the British pound. Design/methodology/approach – The method is based on the bounds testing approach to cointegration and...

This paper examines the J-curve hypothesis for Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the UK. Applying the vector error correction model and the generalised impulse response function, this study finds that the trade balance reacts to real depreciation in several different patterns in the short run....