We infer motives for trade initiation from market sidedness. We define trading as more two-sided (one-sided) if the correlation between the numbers of buyer- and seller-initiated trades increases (decreases), and assess changes in sidedness (relative to a control sample) around events that...

Investors who possess the same information and interpret it differently are said to have divergent (as distinct from) homogeneous expectations. Financial economists have widely frowned on the divergent expectations assumption. Nevertheless, this assumption describes reality and is critically...