In this paper, we first document trends in the gender composition of academic economists over the past 25 years, the … publishing, promotion, and tenure. While underlying gender differences can directly affect the relative productivity of men and … women, due to either differential constraints or preferences, productivity gaps do not fully explain the gender disparity in …

gender equality in human development by making rural service provision and local governance inclusive and responsive to the … in rural areas, (2) shift rural service provision to public goods that reflect gender preferences, and (3) improve the … service provision and local governance, the gender bias in human development is still pronounced. This casts doubt on the …