What kind of forces concentrate industry in the biggest cities? First, using Krugman’s model we illustrate the impact of transport costs in the decision to install a plant in a relatively small city. Then, we introduce the impact of productivity to show that productivity differences would have...

We first use the Scottish debate to show a non-Ricardian way of approaching the problem of inter-national economic relations distinguishing between the effects of an once-and-for-all opening of previously closed markets and a long-term process of interaction including technical change, relative...

This essay pretends to show, on the one hand, that the gains of competition are concentrated only on industrial branches with statistically significant increasing returns to scale and, on the other hand, that the significance of intra-industrial trade has been reduced during the last years. The...

Wealth and poverty, progress and regress are the type of realities usually related on moral grounds. Scientifically serious causal economic relations are not so easy to find. Moral criteria does not require scientific proof of causality. But this search for causal links is also important to...

This paper presents some provisional results of a research on the Peruvian Private Pensions System (SPP), whose principal purpose is to propose a methodology to measure the net rate of return of such System, rate of return which, in time may not only be used as a fundamental indicator of the...

Our objective is to explore the relation between scarcity and freedom as a partially different to the classic one opposing the first term to abundance. A more complete and substantive approach to scarcity should put us in contact with freedom. We will understand substantive as related to...

This article aims to set the way in which the Encyclical Caritas in Veritate follows the pattern of criticism of the modern economy which has resulted in encyclicals the three last centuries. This tradition also corresponds to the bishops document in Aparecida. A look that serves as the basis...

About 1970 until 1990, the federal regulatory policy in the United States experiences an deep and wide change. In the first place regulation was dramatically expanded. But immediately a contraction of economic regulation took place. Prince, benefits, and entry controls in sectors such as...

The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of personal characteristics and previous labor story on the probability of being unemployed. So we estimate a PROBIT regression for years 1989, 1991 and 1996, using data from the Employment Level Surveys for Lima Metropolitana. We find, first,...