. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence … evidence of first- and second-order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health and … labour markets. Moreover, the paper highlights the knowledge gaps with regard to the longer-term and gender-specific welfare …

poverty are overestimates. The paper points to a number of reasons to question this claim. It is shown that, while the labor … the measurement assumptions. With only a modest allowance for leisure as a basic need, the effort-adjusted poverty rate in …