independent schools, and we cannot rule out that all of the independent school advantage reflects more generous grading standards … stricter grading standards. …

independent schools, and we cannot rule out that all of the independent school advantage reflects more generous grading standards … stricter grading standards. …

In the ICT sector, product-software is an important factor for the quality of the products (e.g. cell phones). In this … context, open source software enables firms to avoid quality competition as they can cooperate on quality without an explicit … develop software, either as OS or CS, or as a an OS-CS-mix if the license allows. In stage two, firms bundle this with …

For a decade, economists have been fascinated by the phenomenon of open source software (OSS). OSS is marked by free … access to the software and its source code. It is developed in a public, collaborative manner by thousands of non … property paradigm. This paper provides an introduction into the topic OSS versus closed source software (CSS, also called …

There is considerable debate regarding the use of intellectual property rights (IPR) to spur innovation in the software … developing a growth optimal mixture of open source and closed source software. This optimal scenario is then used as a basis to … examine the co-existence of open and closed source software within various institutional frameworks ranging from no protection …