markups. Using disaggregated data for EU manufacturing over the period 1988-2000 we find increased openness exerts a negative … and significant impact on sectoral prices. Increased openness lowers prices by both reducing markups and raising … productivity. In response to an increase in openness, markups show a steep short run decline, which partly reverses later, while …

sellers charge markups over production costs and financial intermediation is costly, then buyer-seller pairs can save on their … overall financing costs by utilizing trade credit. We derive a model of trade credit and markups that captures this mechanism … this effect is stronger for complex products. Using Chilean data at the firm-level to estimate markups and at the trade …

We investigate theoretically and empirically how exporters adjust their markups across destinations depending on … unit, our model predicts that markups rise with distance and fall with tariffs, but these effects are heterogeneous and are …

also reveal that markups are a complex function of firm characteristics and that the price-setting behavior of firms in the …

new effects regarding markups response to consumer heterogeneity and trade liberalization. Specifically, the model … of markups, charged by monopolistically competitive firms across destination countries. …

depend on how changes in ownership affect markups versus efficiency. We find that owner fixed effects contribute very little …

in which firms' markups are endogenous to factor input choices based on technology levels, but are also affected by …