Let $(S,\mathcal{B},\Gamma)$ and $(T,\mathcal{C},Q)$ be probability spaces, with $Q$ nonatomic, and $\mathcal{H}=\{H\in\mathcal{C}:Q(H)0\}$. In some economic models, the following conditional law of large numbers (LLN) is requested. There are a probability space $(\Omega,\mathcal{A},P)$ and a...

This paper reviews the decline in income inequality that has taken place over 2002-2007 in most Latin American countries against the background of its steady increase over 1980-2002. The paper analyzes then the factors that could explain this trend reversal. It focuses in particular on favorable...

Industrial districts growing in various industrialized countries and regions after the golden age of mass production, in the second half of the twentieth century, have shown a re-emergence of forces of local development. The success stories, in particular those more peculiar and consistent as...

In this paper we analyse both positive and negative aspects of an emerging civil economy’s district. We consider the problems that arise in two of the principal “third sector” economic activities (the non-profit enterprise and the co-op) and we highlight both advantages and rationality of...

The Italian Constitution recognizes the social function of co-operation, considering it worthy of public support. The co-operative movement is instead going through an identity crisis. The crisis stems from the difficulty to apply the text of the Constitution: what is at present the social...

This paper deals with one of the central debates in the recent literature of political economy: the cause-effect relationship between capitalist development and liberal democracy. It is divided into two sections. In the first part, we break away from the idea that democracy can rise anywhere....

The Albanian Ndihma Ekonomike is one of the first poverty reduction programs launched in transitional economies. Its record has been judged positively during the recession period of the 1990s and negatively during the more recent growth phase. This paper reconsiders the program using a...

Competition is increasingly crossing borders. However, location still matters: the most successful competitors in an industry often cluster in the same geographic areas and companies use the advantages of location to compete at a global level. When competing across borders, firms can coordinate...

The fundamental theme underlying Hirshman’s thought regards the nature of the process of the economic choice. He argues that the search of “appropriateness” between too much and too little, expresses our aspiration to well-being, better than the idea of an objective concerning pleasure...

The Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are analyzed through nine dilemmas that they face in their ordinary functioning. These dilemmas rise from typical difficulties of collective action. When aid and emergency activities are carried out, they get even harder because of further difficulties...