The 2012 forest code in Brazil allows landowners with illegal deforestation carried out up to 2008 to comply with their environmental obligations by purchasing Environmental Reserve Quotas (CRA), a mechanism that rewards other landowners who conserved more forest than legally required. CRA may...

This paper clarifies the controversy on the implementation of UPOV 1991-compliant laws in Chile, Colombia, and Guatemala as regards the farmers' privilege. It examines legal provisions as well as stakeholders' interests in order to shed light on the issue and gives reasons for broadening the...

The paper contrasts empirically the results of alternative methods for estimating the value and the depreciation of mineral resources. The historical data of Mexico and Venezuela, covering the period 1920s-1980s, is used to contrast the results of several methods. These are the present value,...

For almost sixty years of the 20th century Cuban exports to the United States enjoyed certain advantages not available to any other sovereign country: at least a 20% reduction in import duties on items subject to a US tariff and privileged access to the US market for its main export, cane sugar....

This paper argues that the historical slave trade contributed to the propagation of persistent witchcraft beliefs on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and establishes two key empirical patterns. First, it shows that in Sub-Saharan Africa, representatives of ethnic groups which were more heavily...

For the Dominican Republic, as for many Caribbean islands, sugar once defined the export sector. But times have changed, and the history of exports is less dominated by sugar in the Dominican Republic than in most Caribbean islands. In more recent history, agricultural exports have diversified...

The 1902 Brussels Convention, which discouraged sugar-production subsidies through countervailing duties, created what was arguably the first modern multilateral trade institution. This treaty not only defined the concept of free trade but also reconfigured the political structure of the British...

Spanish Abstract: En este trabajo se busca integrar más variables al análisis histórico económico de América Latina, vinculando los procesos de independencia, la formación de los Estados y la determinación de sus fronteras con las posibilidades de desarrollo a finales de la primera...

Spanish Abstract: Este artículo repasa la historia de la estructura socioeconómica de la región pampeana argentina en el período posterior al final de la década de 1980. El objetivo es enmarcar, analizar y comprender lo ocurrido en los tiempos más recientes, en la primera década del siglo...