A hidden Markov model (HMM) is said to have path-mergeable states if for any two states i,j there exist a word w and state k such that it is possible to transition from both i and j to k while emitting w. We show that for a finite HMM with path-mergeable states the block estimates of the entropy...

A new kind of recurrent neural network is presented for solving the Lyapunov equation with time-varying coefficient matrices. Different from other neural-computation approaches, the neural network is developed by following Zhang et al.'s design method, which is capable of solving the...

This paper presents a Nash equilibrium model where the underlying objective functions involve uncertainty and nonsmoothness. The well-known sample average approximation method is applied to solve the problem and the first order equilibrium conditions are characterized in terms of Clarke...

We prove that strong ergodicity of a Markov process is linked with a spectral radius of a certain “associated” semigroup operator, although, not a “natural” one. We also give sufficient conditions for weak ergodicity and provide explicit estimates of the convergence rate. To establish...

The hub location problem arises in a variety of domains such as transportation and telecommunication systems. In many real-world situations, hub facilities are subject to disruption. This paper deals with the multiple allocation hub location problem in the presence of facilities failure. To...