This study asked ChatGPT to write a 1000-word essay explaining why the concept of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) is a bad idea. It refused to do so because of its ethical belief (yes, it has ethical beliefs) that ESG is a good idea, in spite of all the evidence to the contrary. After...

Is Germany's real GDP still allowed to grow in the coming years if the country wants to be climate neutral by 2045, or will the economy have to shrink? This question is a controversial issue in science and politics. However, this macroeconomic indicator is not the variable on which economic...

During the last half a century, developing Asia witnessed a spectacular economic transformation, which involved a remarkable increase in GDP, a substantial decrease in poverty and hunger, and improved social indicators. Though export-led manufacturing spearheaded this process, agriculture played...

Capital markets are cast as both villain and hero in the climate playbill. The trillions of dollars required to combat climate change leave ample room for heroics from the financial sector. For the time being, however, capital continues to flow readily toward fossil fuels and other...

The purpose of this research is to explore the management functions involved in supporting the tobacco industry in the Republic of North Macedonia. The study aims to analyze the role of management functions, including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, in the development and...

Adopting an International Sustainability Standard (ISS) helps firms improve their sustainability performance. It also acts as a credible market “signal” that legitimizes firms’ latent sustainability practices while improving their market value. But how do these signals function when firms...

Famous environmental claims implicating well-known corporations have already been reviewed by several publications, such as "Corporate Crime and Violence" (Russell Mokhiber, 1988). Such publications may not eventually achieve to either stress or even imply to a broader audience the relevance of...

One of the fundamental issues associated with the achievement of sustainable development in is to identify technological and scientific applications addressing the degradation of environmental systems (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere), and concomitant risks to health and human...

This paper assembles a comprehensive sovereign green bond database and estimates the sovereign greenium. The development of green bond markets has been one of the most important financial breakthroughs in the domain of sustainable finance during the last 15 years. A central benefit associated...

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores are a key tool for asset managers in designing and implementing ESG investment strategies. They, however, amalgamate a broad range of fundamentally different factors, creating ambiguity for investors as to the underlying drivers of higher or...