Current practice in utility provision involves the following. Governments retain ownership and pay for capital investments, while privatising the operations and management of the companies. Does this modality guarantee equitable access to water and electricity services? (...)

Atingir os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio na África Subsaariana exige um aumento drástico da Ajuda Oficial para o Desenvolvimento (AOD) na região. Todavia, os governos têm sofrido restrições aos gastos da maior parte da verba recebida nos últimos anos. Se as doações não podem...

he measurement of per capita daily expenditures relative to a monetary poverty line, also known as ?sophisticated means testing?, is the most widely used approach to poverty assessment. However, it is reliant on the implementation of time- and cost-intensive household surveys. Hence, for...

During 2005-2006, appreciation of the Kwacha, Zambia?s currency, had a significant negative impact on public income. This exchange-rate effect received little notice in the debate over macroeconomic policy. The appreciation reduced fiscal space largely because of binding IMF conditionalities on...