In order to decrease the detrimental effects from global warming, the European Union (EU) has started to control CO2 emissions by allocating CO2 emission allowances to 25 member states. In this study we are interested about the effects of CO2 emission allowance on environmental efficiency,...

Environmental protection plans cannot succeed without full cooperation among related units. However, inconsistent investment preferences toward environmental protection increase the damage to the environment. This article employs the contract mechanism to analyse environmental protection effects...

In order to decrease the detrimental effects from global warming, the European Union (EU) has started to control CO2 emissions by allocating CO2 emission allowances to 25 member states. In this study we are interested about the effects of CO2 emission allowance on environmental efficiency,...

type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">ABSTRACT</title> <p>It is common sense that refill packs can increase the repeated use of durable goods, reduce resource waste and be conducive to environmental protection. However, their existence also has an economic effect. For instance, we find that the profit of a...</p>