Elster, Jon - In: Handbook of the economics of giving, altruism and …, (pp. 183-206). 2006
Altruism can be understood in a behavioral or in a psychological sense. Motivationally, altruism is the desire to … enhance the welfare of others at a net welfare loss to oneself. Behaviorally, altruism is any act that could have resulted … performance is conditional on being observed by other agents, corresponding to social norms. The operation of quasi-moral norms is …