We study a noncooperative policy game between monetary and fiscal policy, where only monetary policy can commit to future actions. The equilibrium outcome of the game depends on the strategies available to the monetary policymaker. If strategies are left unrestricted, the central bank can alter...

The paper presents some crucial fiscal and monetary actions proposed by John M. Keynes in order to struggle with the consequences of the Great Depression. The recent world financial crisis lasting since 2007–2008 restored their significance and efficiency. Nowadays, Keynes’s proposals are...

This paper analyzes optimal policy responses to a global liquidity trap. The key feature of this environment is that relative prices respond perversely. A fall in demand in one country causes an appreciation of its terms of trade, exacerbating the initial shock. At the zero bound, this country...

Independent central banking has experienced a surge in public and academic attention during the past few years, and even more so during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. An expanding toolset, heightened prominence and increasingly controversial policies have arguably pushed independent monetary...

The EMU assigns a very marginal role to economic policy and relies on the leading idea that, if prices are kept constant, there will be an automatic convergence towards long-run equilibrium income. These beliefs represent the theoretical underpinnings of fiscal and monetary policy strategies in...