The current paper reviews poverty issues and economic development in Sudan. The conclusions focus on the conception that unless Sudan increases his economic activity and hence employment, the economic situation will see more deteriorations. Applying marker economy and trade liberalization...

A large literature on the appropriate sequencing of financial liberalization suggests that removing capital controls prematurely may contribute to currency instability. This paper investigates whether legal restrictions on international capital flows are associated with greater currency...

The United States has long been the world’s leading arms exporter. In 2018 the Trump administration notified Congress of $78 billion in major conventional weapons sales, giving the United States 31 percent of the global arms market. Between 2002 and 2018 Congress was notified of more than $560...

This study investigates the major determinants of international capital flows in selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both theory and the empirical literature suggest that financial liberalization and regionalism lead to higher levels of capital inflows. By using a dynamic panel data...

Since it is believed that having access to a broader base of capital is a key requirement for economic growth, then financial integration is necessary because it expedites flows of capital from developed economies with rich capital to developing economies like Nigeria with limited capital. The...

This paper studies the strategic interaction between a foreign direct investor and a host country. We analyse how the investor can use his control rights to protect his investment, if he faces the risk of ‘creeping expropriation’ once his investment is sunk. It is shown that this hold-up...

This paper studies the strategic interaction between a

In this paper the two standard forms of international investment in developing countries – debt and foreign direct investment (FDI) – are compared from a finance perspective. We show that the sovereign risks associated with debt finance are generally less severe than those accompanying FDI....

In the literature on currency and banking crises it has become the standard procedure to distinguish pure currency crises, pure banking crises and combined ('twin') currency and banking crises. We show theoretically and empirically that a similar differentiation should be chosen with regard to...

The World Bank is a prestigious and large international financial institution. Since its foundation it has widened the scope and the size of its activities. One interpretation of what the World Bank is doing is the provision of public goods. If we take this interpretation seriously the...