classroom characteristics in the value-added model is sufficient to eliminate potential bias resulting from the sorting of … deviation of classroom achievement—may reduce bias for middle school math teachers, whereas track indicators help for high …

This papers studies and compares the asymptotic bias of GMM and generalized empirical likelihood (GEL) estimators in … offers much reduced mean and median bias, root mean squared error and mean absolute error, as compared with two-step GMM and … other GEL methods. Both analytical and bootstrap bias-adjusted two-step GMM estima-tors are compared. Analytical bias …

may have a differential impact across groups, creating differential bias. We should reorganize forensic work to reduce … differential bias. The obvious strategy of hiring ethnically diverse forensic workers will not work. “Us vs. Them” thinking is an … important source of differential bias. The definition of “Us” and “Them” is socially conditioned. The current organization of …

least squares. It studies, by way of an extensive simulation experiment, the bias of the slope parameter estimator induced … an asymptotic bias for the estimator. …