Technology differs from other features of culture in that the Boasian stance of cultural relativism seems less binding: one can argue that the technology of one society is superior or inferior to the technology of another. This comparison is possible because technological change—as described...

This paper aims at explaining observed distinct prices, announced by a single supplier for an identical product, in an illegal framework. The modeling proposed here examines an augmented mark-up pricing equation, for oligopolistic markets, that includes a function of social discrimination. The...

In the physical world the “identity” of something is taken generally as a given; an apple is an apple; this apple is this apple. When dealing with planetary structure and extension into space, however, the problem of the planet’s “identity” in the surrounding cosmos is writ large. What...

This paper presents interesting correlations which exist between a model of long-wave economic activity and crisis in the United States – “the Political Economy wave” – and the structure of the rings of Saturn, one of the most confounding structures known to science. At the present time...

Considered here is direct exchange of production allowances or input factors. Motivated by practical modeling and compution, we suppose every owner or user of such items has a linear technology. The issue is whether competitive market equilibrium can be reached merely via iterated bilateral...

In recent years, the government, of African Countries has assumed major responsibilities for economic reforms and growth. In attempting to describe their economies, economists (policymakers) in many African Countries have applied certain models that are by now widely known: Linear programming...

The main objective of the paper is to assess the importance of regional preferences in financing of agri-environmental measures. The analysis is based on results of a case study conducted in South-eastern Poland. As environmental protection in agriculture is complex and often considered in...

We propose a linear bi-objective optimization approach to the problem of finding a portfolio that maximizes average excess return with respect to a benchmark index while minimizing underperformance over a learning period. We establish some theoretical results linking classical No Arbitrage...

In this paper we offer a simple exposition of the neoclassical production theoretic foundations of Data Envelopment Analysis. The concepts of technical efficiency (both input- and output-oriented), scale efficiency, and cost efficiency are explained and the corresponding DEA models are described...

If a DEA model has a mix of categorical and continuous variables a standard LP formulation can still be used by entering all combinations of categorical and continuous variables as different types of inputs and/or outputs. Most units will then not have positive levels of all variables. The...