Forming and using cooperatives as marketing channel is usually advised to African smallholder farmers for overcoming … paper, we estimate a two-stage model of commitment to cooperatives by cashew nut farmers in Benin, West Africa. In the first …; the commitment to business depends on prices and transaction costs in the channels. Our findings call cooperatives for …

findings are tested using evidence from 19 of the largest Polish dairy cooperatives, surveyed in spring 2006. The results show …

of reasons, there have been no rural organizations, such as agricultural farmer cooperatives, established to support them … in many areas. The few agricultural farmer cooperatives that have been introduced recently maintain only limited market …

Member and professional CEOs of cooperatives differ regarding their managerial vision toward upstream and downstream … projects. We show that the managerial vision bias will cause inefficiency in the project implementation. Cooperatives with … the downstream activities become more important, cooperatives need to replace the member CEOs by professional CEOs …