The theory for a general equilibrium ecosystem model that can include large number of interacting species is presented. Features include: 1) individual plants and animals are assumed to behave as if they are maximizing their net energy intake, 2) short and long-run equilibriums are obtained, 3)...

Scientific evidence suggests that economic activity is threatening global biodiversity in ways that could severely degrade nature's flow of ecosystem services. Yet, there is relatively little work in economics that addresses biodiversity loss. Some economists have called for better integration...

An integrated economic/ecological model is developed to address tradeoffs between biodiversity conservation and two marketable rangeland ecosystem services: cattle grazing and elk hunting. The ecology is represented by an eleven species food web in which individual optimizing plants and animals...